randomness

On Friday several of us, including a former colleague who was passing through town for a few days, had lunch at the campus muslim restaurant as per usual. When we left, somebody left 1.5 yuan in three 5 mao notes on the table, don’t know why. Today I went into the same restaurant for lunch, and as I sat down, one of the waitresses ran over and saying, “Hey, didn’t you eat at that table there the other day? There was a group of you, and you sat there, right?”

“Uh, yes…”

“One of you left 1.5 yuan on the table, here it is, take it.”

“Oh, ah, ok, thanks.”

And I think that story explains a lot of why several of us foreign teachers spend so much time at that restaurant.

Trouble is, I must be spending so much time in that restaurant that I’m starting to blend into the furniture. A while later, I’m sitting there whiling away the time, when in walks one of my students. He walks right up to the fridges next to me, and only when he is standing right next to me, less than a metre away, does he realise that I’m there, jumps out of his skin, then manages a shy, surprised, “Oh! Hi!”.

And that, dear reader, is about as exciting as my day has been.

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old books rediscovered

Update: I attempted a little polishing based on saiweng’s superb comment. Thanks saiweng.

Another update: Saiweng is proving awesome in his comments. Thanks saiweng.

So according to 新京报/The Beijing News, some books that have been lost for 2000 years have been rediscovered. Yeah, I saw that and thought the same thing. Clearly this warrants further investigation:

失传两千年《尚书》重现

Lost for 2000 years, Book of History reappears

Book of History? Well, I flipped through nciku looking for a standard translation of 尚书. The immediate result was useless for an English translation, but in the Chinese-Chinese side did inform me of an alternate name: 书经. That got me the English title Book of History and a more detailed Chinese explanation. It’s also called simply 《书》. Anyway, TBN’s Guo Shaofeng informs us:

多篇《尚书》在失传两千多年后重新面世。昨日,清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心主任李学勤教授宣布,在对“清华简”的研究中还发现了周武王的乐诗,弥补了学术史上的空白。

Several copies of the Book of History have reappeared having been lost for over 2000 years. Yesterday, head of the Center for Excavated Texts Research and Protection, Tsinghua University [CETRP] Professor Li Xueqin announced that during research of the “Qinghua Bamboo Slips” music and poetry of King Wu of Zhou were also discovered, filling an historic gap in learning.

Wah. Looks like I’ve bitten off way more than I can chew. First of all, couldn’t find an English name for “清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心“. Then there was “周武王的乐诗“. Clearly there are big gaps in my own knowledge, but it would also be nice if dictionaries and the internets actually helped me when I asked them. Clearly the Red Hot Chilli Peppers aren’t helping, either. Perhaps I should swap them for some Tang Dynasty? Nah, nowhere near old enough for these Western Zhou types I’m wrestling with here.

由校友捐赠,清华去年7月入藏这批竹简,并称之为“清华简”。经11位权威学者专家鉴定,这批竹简应是战国时代简册,涉及中国传统文化的核心内容,是前所罕见的重大发现。

Through donations from alumni, Tsinghua added this set of bamboo slips to its collection last July, calling it the “Tsinghua Bamboo Slips”.  Having been appraised by 11 authoritative scholars and experts, this set of bamboo slips should date from the Warring States period and involve core content of China’s traditional culture and are a major discovery rarely seen before.

前所罕见“? I’m really not having much luck this morning.

昨日,李学勤表示,经过几个月初步释读及研究,最终确定清华简共2388枚。

Yesterday Li Xueqin said that after several months of preliminary research, it has finally been decided that there are 2388 Tsinghua Bamboo Slips.

李学勤说,“清华简”可确定是书籍,“如果按经史子集分类,多是‘经史’,最突出的是《尚书》”。秦代焚书使《尚书》大多佚失。清华简中已发现有多篇《尚书》,有些篇有传世本,但文句多有差异,甚至篇题也不相同,其中有16篇是现在《尚书》所没有的。

Li Xueqin said that it can be confirmed that the “Tsinghua Bamboo Slips” are books. “If we classify them according to the four traditional categories, most are Classics and Histories, the most prominent being the Book of History.” Most copies of the Book of History were lost to the burnings of books of the Qin period. Several copies of the Book of History have already appeared among the “Tsinghua Bamboo Slips”, some of which, some of which have been handed down, but they have many differences in wording, to the point of having different titles, among which 16 titles don’t appear in the modern Book of History.

It’s still not getting any easier. I’m still having to guess too much. “篇题“?

李学勤说,由于当时的书都是手抄,传抄的过程中肯定会有差别。西汉晚年以来,今古文《尚书》的争辩一直没有结束。“清华简”有望让人们看到失传2000多年的“正版”《尚书》的庐山真面目。

Li Xueqin said that because at the time books were all hand-copied, differences naturally arose in the copying process. From the latter years of the Western Han up to today, the debate over the “new and old texts” of the Book of History has not ended. Hopefully the “Tsinghua Bamboo Slips” can let people see the true character of the “genuine” Book of History lost for over 2000 years.

My brain hurts. “今古文“?

So scanning through it I thought, yeah, I get this, I could translate it, and it’s been so long since I translated anything…. Then I sat down to do it, and there are so many phrases I just can’t get my head around, and I can’t find anywhere near enough help either online or in dead tree dictionaries. Guess I shouldn’t have attempted it. Oh well, I’ll put it out there in the hope somebody can come along and help me make more sense of this.

Oh wait, I forgot the subtitle…. nah, forget it. Oh, and there’s a brief introduction to the Book of History and followed by a little exposé the first of those books that Tsinghua managed to put back together. But if you’ll excuse me, the main article gave me enough trouble, and I hear lunch calling.

Update: so polished a little thanks to saiweng, but I’m still not confident. What else up there needs improving?

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i need a holiday again

So tired. So rundown. It was really hard to wake up this morning, but my wife was quite insistent. Get up, now, you lazy bastard! We had arranged to go visit her friend who had a baby two and a half months ago, and had I slept as much as I wanted, we never would’ve got there.

Hell, had I slept as much as I wanted, I wouldn’t be getting to class on Monday morning. Or Tuesday.

Anyways, she succeeded in kicking me out of bed- I have the bruises to prove it- and before long we were on our way around to Fengtai, specifically the Grass Bridge.

I’m kinda curious about some of the place names along the Southern Third Ring. 洋桥, Ocean (or Western? whichever, I laid claim to it as my own personal bridge, as I’m both a 洋人 and 南太平洋的人) Bridge? 草桥, Grass Bridge?

And I know I’ve been through that area before, meaning I’ve zipped along the Third Ring in a taxi on my way to Lize Qiao to get the bus back to Taiyuan several times seven or eight years ago. In other words, it’s one of those giant blank spaces on my mental map of Beijing. It doesn’t even merit a “Here be sea monsters” in honour of some strange experience in the deep, dark past. Well, the past tense is now marginally more appropriate.

I have to say I was quite impressed with the area. It’s extremely residential, at least, what I saw of it, but that’s hardly a surprise. It reminded me a bit of Fangzhuang, but with more space. Fangzhuang seems so crowded to me, but today down at Cao Qiao, the Grass Bridge, I felt like there was space, room to breathe. Or maybe it was just the combination of wind and sun beating on my exhausted senses. Whatever, it struck me as being a decently liveable part of town.

And then I noticed that in our friends’ building, the apartments on what must’ve been the fourth or fifth floor had small yards. The southern side of the building was, I guess, shops and restaurants of what must’ve been about three to four storeys, with those first three or four storeys extending much further south than the apartments on the higher floors. This gave those apartments on the fourth or fifth floor roofspace they could use as a small yard, and so they had done so. Cool! I’d love an apartment like that! I mean, you’re elevated enough to be above the fray, with the roof of the downstairs shops extending further out than your ‘yard’, preserving your privacy, but you’ve got a little outdoor space! Wouldn’t that be awesome?

What was less awesome was the baby. Well, it’s not the poor baby’s fault. She is only two and half months old, wee Winnie. And she is very, very cute. But she got one look at the curly auburn-haired, pale-skinned, big-nosed monster that was holding her and burst into “Save me, Mummy! It’s a monster!” tears. Wee Winnie was quite ok watching the monster from the safety of lzh’s, her mum’s, her dad’s, or her grandma’s arms. But being held by the monster was just far too much for the poor wee girl.

And so apparently the mere sight of me is terrifying. It’s not just a holiday I need, but lessons in not scaring babies.

Anyway, it should only be a week until May Day. I hope so. And we’ll be getting four days off here- hey, it’ll be the 90th anniversary of the May 4th Movement. It’s not as good as seven days like it used to be, but it should be enough for a decent rest.

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teach English in Beijing

We need a teacher here in a hurry. We have fallen victim to shitty timing that is nobody’s fault.

It goes like this: One of our new teachers has to head home in a hurry due to a family emergency. My heart is with this colleague, it’s a shitty situation for him no matter which way you look at it, the kind that would have any of us heading home on the first available form of transport of any kind. Trouble for those of us left behind is that we have to find somebody to cover his classes.

That’s 20 teaching hours going vacant. I’m pretty sure we can handle 4 of those teaching hours in house, but for the other 16 we need at the very least one more teacher.

The four teaching hours that I’m sure can be handled in house are first year “culture” (as in, introduction to the culture and society of the “major” English-speaking countries), the other 16 are second year oral English.

Now here’s the situation: We are working on a joint degree programme between a top-tier university in Beijing and an Australian university, the degree being a Bachelor of Information Technology. Us foreign teachers are the “linguistic support” to the IT programme. In other words, our job is teaching English for Academic Purposes with a specific view to first getting our students up to speed then keeping them going through their IT programme.

The key here is “support”: Our job is to support the students through the programme, buidling up the skills they need to succeed in this programme which to them is extremely foreign.

It’s a good and rewarding job. The admin staff are very supportive, our students are superb, and as exhausting as a week teaching often is, I have to say that I often walk home on a rush that can’t be got from a cup of coffee, no matter how strong. Working with the students I have- the very same students you would teach if you took this job- is exhilirating.

What I’m saying is that we have, through circumstances most unfortunate, found ourselves in need of a teacher to start work in about 10 days time, a teacher who is a native speaker of English with a reasonably mild accent and a decent command of the language, a university education (at least a bachelor’s degree), and willing to come to Beijing very, very soon.

If you’re interested, leave a comment with a valid email in the ’email’ field and any questions you have, I’ll get back to you as soon as possible.

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filthy bastards

What is it with film crews and their inability to clean up after themselves? The crew of the new Romance of the Three Kingdoms has left a hell of a mess at the reservoir where they were filming at the Yangxi Reservoir in Zhejiang, according to this Xinhua report in today’s 新京报/The Beijing News. And no, it’s not just a case of making a mess, but also of endangering the drinking water supply for the nearly 300 thousand local residents. The reservoir management refused the request to film there several times, fearing for the safety of the reservoir, but the crew were insistent, and eventually they reached an agreement:

“但是剧组再三要求,考虑到剧组影响力较大,对永康和库区能起到宣传作用,就勉强答应了。”黄兴法告诉记者,为了确保水资源的安全,双方还签署了协议,协议中说明剧组从搭建场地时起每天支付租金300元,还要交2万元押金,一旦影响环境就要扣押金。

“But the film crew demanded again and again, and thinking that they had quite some power to influence, that they could put Yongkang and the reservoir area on the map, we reluctantly agreed.” Huang Xingfa [director of the reservoir management bureau] told this reporter that to guarantee the safety of the water resource, both parties signed an agreement saying that from the time the crew started setting up its location it would pay only 300 yuan per day as rent, but would also pay 20 thousand yuan deposit which would be kept if there were any effect on the environment.

Alright, sounds fair enough, but then:

记者了解到,在拍摄期间,杨溪水库周围除了堆积如山的塑料饭盒、酒瓶甚至粪便等生活垃圾外,由于拍摄交战的 夜戏,现场还弥漫着浓重的柴油味,水中也有小部分黑色漂浮物。幸好没有下雨,大部分油污还没有进入杨溪水库。而在此之前,保护杨溪水库的水源不受污染一直 是当地村民引以为傲的职责。“村里投资20多万元建起生活污水净化沼气工程,每家每户都做到了生活污水达标排放。”黄兴法说。

This reporter learnt that during filming, as well as the domestic waste like plastic food boxes, wine bottles and even excrement and urine, that piled up like mountains, because they were filming night battle scenes, a heavy smell of diesel pervades the scene around the Yangxi Reservoir, and there’s a small amount of black stuff floating in the water. Fortunately it hasn’t rained, and most of the oil pollution hasn’t entered the Yangxi Reservoir, and before this, the Yangxi Reservoir has not been polluted because the local villagers see protecting the water resources as their proud duty. “Over 200 thousand yuan was invested in building a domestic sewage treatment and methane project, and every household has reached the domestic sewage emission standard,” said Huang Xingfa.

对于剧组的违约行为,水库管理局决定没收押金,要求剧组立即清理垃圾并再次缴纳2万元押金,一旦再次违约,将用这笔钱来彻底清理垃圾;另外,管理局还督促剧组加快拍摄进度,最晚在本月19日之前清理现场并撤离。

As for the film crew’s breach of its promise, the reservoir management bureau has decided to seize the deposit, and demands that the crew immediately clean up their rubbish and pay another 20 thousand yuan deposit in case it of another breach of the agreement, and will use this money to thoroughly clean up the rubbish. Also, the management bureau will supervise the crew’s faster filming schedule and wants them to clean up the scene and leave by the 19th at the latest.

黄兴法还说,今后杨溪水库将不再接受任何影视剧组在此拍摄。

Huang Xingfa also said that from now on the Yangxi Reservoir will not accept any more film crews filming here.

Notes:

  1. I don’t get the “水库管理局决定没收押金”, it seems all backwards to me. Does it mean they won’t return the deposit to the film crew? Or are they insisting they never received the deposit? Or are they magnanimously not keeping the deposit so long as the crew cleans up? Or what? Fixed, thanks Duncan.
  2. There’s no indication the reporter, 段菁菁/Duan Jingjing, sought the film crew’s version of events.
  3. See? You just went and screwed it up for everyone! Now nobody gets to use the beautiful reservoir with its lack of modern structures.
  4. And I would’ve thought that Chen Kaige’s little episode down in Yunnan would’ve taught everybody a lesson. This kind of nonsense is no longer considered acceptable behaviour.


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give the poor guy a break, already

So I was sitting in the office yesterday morning after class and picked up the copy of 新京报/The Beijing News the boss has delivered every day and on the sidebar of the front page is a headline referring to an article on page A17:

华国锋骨灰将回交城

Hua Guofeng’s ahes to return to Jiaocheng

So I’m flipping through the paper scanning for other interesting articles, and I get to page A17, and there it is, but with a different headline:

华国锋骨灰将安放交城卦山

Hua Guofeng’s ashes to be laid at Guashan, Jiaocheng

So I think, recognising the influene of a certain Granite Studio, this is interesting- China’s most forgotten former leader is even getting pushed around in his death. Poor guy. But somehow I just couldn’t find the article on TBN’s regular website, and registration for their e-paper requires far more information than I’m willing to divulge to a newspaper (information, in other words, just asking me anything more than a username, email and password is too much to be given to a newspaper in my book). Anyway, I didn’t search terribly hard- a quick entry of either 华国锋 or 交城卦山 into Google or Baidu would’ve gotten plenty of articles on the subject. But Jeremiah did send me a link to Sina’s reprint of the umm… Dayoo/大洋网-广州日报 article which, like TBN, refers back to 山西青年报, whose search function seems to be missing….. ah, could this be the original?

Interesting, though, how the Sina’s reprint of the Dayoo article chops off an opening paragraph whose last sentence reads:

华国锋曾在1976年10月-1981年6月间担任中共中央主席,领导粉碎“四人帮”。

Hua Guofeng was chairman of the CCP Central Committee and lead the smashing of the “gang of four”.

Anyway, what intrigued me wasn’t the moving of Hua’s ashes- what could be more natural than being buried in one’s hometown?- but TBN’s listing of all the cultural relics and historic sites surrounding his new tomb. And it looks like I’ll have to type this out by hand, dammit… oh well:

华国锋陵园位于交城县城西北卦山,顺南望去,整个交城县城一览无余。 北面是国家级文物保护单位卦山天宁寺。 西边是山西省级文物保护区瓦窑原始遗址, 东侧有建于清康熙年间的古庙文昌宫。

Hua Guofeng’s tomb lies on Guashan, to the northwest of the Jiaocheng county town, facing south, overlooking the whole of Jiaocheng county town. To the north is the state-level cultural relic protection unit Guashan Tianning Temple. To the west is the Shanxi provincial-level cultural relic protection zone Primitive Tile-Kiln Ruins [Help! I don’t really know how to translate that], and to the east is the ancient temple Wenchang Gong built in the reign of the Qing emperor Kangxi.

Well, they may be moving him around, but they’re moving him to a what is clearly a very fascinating area.

And just to make it clear: That quotation was taken from the article “华国锋骨灰将安放交城卦山” on page A17 of the Monday, April 13, 2009 edition of 新京报. Now, I’m sorry, I’m tired and hungry and the smell of shrimp from the kitchen is just too distracting…. Were my timing better, I would be interested in translating that 山西青年报 article, which seems to contain many interesting little snippets of information and facets of the story.

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thots on China’s web business world

This last week in class has seen me discussing with the students why Baidu is #1 and Google a distant second in China’s search engine market, and I’m sure as shit no expert on such matters, but the consensus from class discussions is that Baidu offers services matching what Chinese web surfers want that Google is only just starting to learn about.

[aside: inevitably, 百度知道 is the first example of something Baidu does, to which my natural response is “百度什么都不知道”]

And then I come across this post at WSJ’s China Journal about Baidu’s new ‘Elderly Search’- and no, it’s not a service allowing you to track errant Alzheimers patients in your family- and I’m thinking, that’s precisely the point. I mean, how hard is this to figure out? Quoting from WSJ’s post:

It features larger fonts and a menu of search selections tailored for a more mature audience, from revolutionary song downloads to online forums on Tai Chi and keeping pet birds, popular pastimes among China’s retirees. The design emphasizes clicking instead of typing in order to help older users who might not find it easy to type Romanized Chinese (or pinyin) to produce characters for their searches.

Looks, smells, tastes, and feels a hell of a lot like common sense to me.

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thursday afternoon mission

Even though it left me feeling unusually sunstruck (I’m blaming the 639 bus for making me walk further down Guanghua Lu in search of a bus stop than should have been necessary, then leaving me standing in the sun for half an hour waiting, then dropping me considerably further past my destination than I expected, consequently leaving me thinking walking to Jintaixizhao subway station would be far better than waiting for a 639 for another half hour at least), yesterday afternoon’s little adventure was very productive.

See, I expire on September 1- or at least, my passport does. I was not relishing the thought of having to go back to New Zealand to get a passport. It’s rather expensive, and considering the northern summer equals the southern winter and there are no major public holidays for my wife to add her annual leave to in order to get a decent amount of time in NZ, the timing was less than ideal. So I asked what the New Zealand embassy could do, and what follows is something all Kiwis outside of the UK, Australia or New Zealand should consider when their passports approach their expiry dates:

I was told the embassy offered a service whereby for an appropriate fee, they’d chuck the passport application into a diplomatic bag and send it to Wellington, then onto the Department of Internal Affairs, then, when the new passport was issued, chuck it in a diplomatic bag back to Beijing. Then, contact me to tell me my new passport had arrived, at which point I would return to the embassy, fill in the necessary form to cancel my current passport, then take both old and new passports down to the PSB for them to transfer my residence permit over to my new passport (well, that last bit about the PSB and the residence permit only applies to us in China, but I’m sure other countries have their equivalents).

And I asked that and got that information several months ago, last time I was at Kiwi Club. So a couple of weeks back I remembered that I would need to get my new passport some time this semester and fired off an email to the embassy. I got a superbly prompt reply outlining the aforementioned service. I wrote back asking for more details of how one actually goes about taking advantage of said service, and got an equally superbly prompt reply asking for my phone number and if it was convenient for the embassy to phone me. So I sent my cellphone number and assurance that now was just fine for a phone call and within ten minutes I’d been phoned by the person responsible for such matters at the embassy. And she was… um… superb. No, really, she was totally down to earth, straightforward, checked up on all possible complications (i.e. Are you in Beijing? Yes, in fact, very close to the embassy. You’ll need a witness. I have a Kiwi colleague who’s known me for a good 5 years now; and so on), and was also amazingly friendly about the whole thing.

So I took careful notes about the process, then got on to DIA’s passport website… or tried to. It took a good half hour before I could convince the bloody thing to stop behaving like it was on the wrong side of a certain infamous wall. But eventually I persuaded it to open and let me get the information and forms I needed, then printed them off.

So I got all the necessary stuff together, filled out the forms, got Roubaozi to witness the application, and yesterday after lunch headed off embassy-wards.

Step one was easy. A 605 arrived at the stop at the same time I did, sweet as, straight up to Bawangfenbei. Pitstop in Xinguang Tiandi (sorry, forgot the official “English” name), then round the corner and west down Guanghua Lu. Shit, took ages to find a marked bus stop heading in my direction. “Marked” being the key word, because I needed a sign to tell me which buses were heading in the direction of the embassy. Walked almost halfway there before I found one, all the time with not one single bus passing me. Then I found a bus stop, so the 629 and 640 were heading where I wanted to go, and waited. Bloody half an hour of standing in the sun opposite the Customs building later, a bus finally shows up. Fortunately it’s a 639. It stopped on the eastern side of Dongdaqiao Lu, but I thought that wasn’t so convenient, then at Ritan Park, which I thought would be better, but the Ritan Park stop was on the far side of the park’s south gate, further than I hoped.

Oh well, the embassy is all quiet, lightly trafficed roads, plenty of trees, and was a very pleasant place for a stroll before those planes hit those buildings in New York and turned the whole world paranoid. It’s still a pleasant place for a stroll if you ignore the rolls of razor wire.

So I got to the embassy, and… well, when I first came to Beijing, you could just walk straight through the gate and in to reception. It was only there that security started. These days there’s an intercom at the gate. Oh well, I got in, handed over my stuff, waited.

The woman who had phoned me came out and said, yeah, all looks fine, no guarantees because DIA processes the application, but I can’t see any problems. I said, well, I’ve got questions about this, this and this. So we sorted it all out, I handed over my money, I got my receipt, all done in half an hour, with about half of that waiting.

And then I was on my way home. Sweet as.

So, expat Kiwis, when your passport is nearing its expiry date, contact the nearest NZ diplomatic mission, be that an embassy, high commission (if you’re in a Commonwealth country) or consulate, and see what they can do to help.

Or put it this way: Renewing my passport via the embassy has cost me 1103 yuan (not counting bus and subway fare) so far, and I can’t see it costing terribly much more- probably a fee at the PSB to change my residence permit over to the new passport, but I don’t think that will break the bank. On the other hand, my contract gives me 10 thousand yuan per year towards airfare to and from home, and that’s probably about what a return ticket to NZ would cost. In other words, I’ve so far spent roughly one tenth of the airfare alone on renewing my passport.

Going home is good, of course, but going home just to renew your passport and justifying that by saying, well, hey, I can catch up with friends and family while I’m waiting for DIA to process my passport, is a waste of time and money, especially when complications like visas and residence permits in your old passport are involved (i.e. if you renew your new passport in NZ, you have to send the old one in with your application; if you go through the embassy, you keep your old passport and it remains valid until you get your new passport and you fill out the form to cancel the old one).

And don’t trust the DIA website. It says passports can only be issued in London, Sydney and New Zealand. This is technically true, as in my application is being sent to Wellington for processing, but the DIA website says nothing about applying via your nearest embassy, high commission or consulate. So check with your nearest NZ diplomatic mission before booking plane tickets to NZ, Sydney or London.

And as an added bonus: On my way from the NZ embassy to Jintaixizhao subway station, I dunno, I must’ve been in a skyscrapering mood, I decided to whip out the cellphone and snip a few snaps:

So, my apologies for the requisite OMG, China has skyscrapers! photos, especially of the by now well-cliched CCTV shot, but something inspired me yesterday. Especial apologies for the remains of the TVCC/Mandarin Oriental appearing in the left of that last photo.

But speaking of that burnt out building in the CCTV complex: No photo or video I have yet seen has done even close to justice to the sheer destruction you see when you see that building up close in the flesh. In the photos I’ve seen, it looks scorched. The few times I’ve seen it up close and personal, I’m thinking it’s a miracle the bloody thing is still standing. We’re talking warzone kinda destruction here. There ain’t too many buildings I’ve seen in such a sorry state.

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language, dialect

So this morning I did drag my lazy arse offline and finally opened up one of the two cool new books I acquired a couple of weeks back. This one was 汉语方言学/李如龙著。-2版。-北京:高等教育出版社,2007.2, which back then I roughly translated as ‘Chinese Dialectology, (2nd edition) by Li Rulong, published in Beijing by the Higher Education Press in February 2007.’ I took it up to the village with me, planning to make use of the ample time and my cunning stash of dictionaries hidden away up there to learn me a few things about Chinese dialects. And then, of course, I spent all of Saturday online…. Saturday being the only day we could spend in its entirety up there. Oops. But this morning I hit the internet wall, got offline, and opened it. Starting, naturally, at the beginning, with Chapter 1: 方言,方言差异,方言特征- Dialect, Dialect Differences, Characteristics of Dialect, and section 1: 方言.

I only got about halfway through before I had to clear the books away for lunch (although I was quite pleasantly surprised with the speed I was reading and the ease with which I seemed to understand- I took so much time because I was noting down new words and then going back and reading it all over again), but I read one very interesting paragraph on page 2:

方言是自足的体系, 在一定的地域,它可以是无往而不利的唯一交际工具。就这一点说,方言也就是语言。 但是作为科学术语,语言通常指的是民族语言。现代的民族语言总是包含着民族共同语以及分布在不同地域的方言。就这一点说,语言大于方言,是方言的 “上位” 概念。方言是民族语言的组成部分,也是民族语言的地域变体。所谓 “现代汉语”,指的是现代汉民族的语言,应该包含着现代汉民族共同语 (普通话) 和各种现代汉语方言。现代汉语方言是现代汉民族共同语的地域变体。有些教 “现代汉语” 课、研究 “现代汉语” 的人所理解的 “现代汉语” 是不包括汉语的方言的,这实在是一种很大的误解。朱德熙先生说: “研究现代汉语的人往往只研究普通话,不但不关心历史,把方言研究也看成隔行。 画地为牢, 不愿越雷池一步。 这不管对本人说, 还是对学术发展来说, 都不是好事。” (朱德熙, 1985)

A dialect is a self-contained system, in a fixed area it can the only tool for successful communication. That is to say, a dialect is a language. But as a scientific term, Language usually means a national language. Modern national languages always include the national common language as well as the dialects spread over different areas. That is to say, Language is bigger than Dialect, it is Dialect’s “epistatic” concept. Dialects are component parts of national languages, and are the local variants of national languages. By “modern Chinese” we mean the language of the modern Han nation, and this should include the modern Han nation’s common language (Putonghua) and every kind of modern Chinese dialect. Modern Chinese dialects are the local variants of the modern Han nation’s common language. What some people who teach or research “modern Chinese” understand by “modern Chinese” does not include Chinese dialects, and this is a very big misconception indeed. Mr Zhu Dexi says: “More often than not, people who research modern Chinese only research Putonghua, and not only reject history, but see the research of dialects as a separate profession. They box themselves in, unwilling to put even one foot over the line. This isn’t just bad for the researchers, it’s also very bad for the development of the field.” (Zhu Dexi, 1985)

Wow. There are several interesting concepts and assumptions buried in that one little paragraph.

Well, first let’s deal with some translation issues:

  1. I’d be surprised if anybody reading this blog doesn’t know, but just in case: Putonghua is the official standard Mandarin, what is taught in schools and is used on national TV and radio.
  2. I really hate translating 民族 as “nation” or “nationality”, and expend obscene amounts of effort stamping that habit out of my students, but I feel that that is the best translation in this context, meaning “nation” in it’s somewhat synonymous with “ethnic group” sense. Still, it irks me.
  3. I can’t think of any way to keep consistency in the translations of 语言 and 方言 while keeping the meaning clear.
  4. That “上位” had me really confused, but every entry on nciku led to some form or another of ‘epistasis‘, which is an entirely new word to me. So be it. Update: John adds some ideas on what was meant. I’m not sure how (or if) to alter my translation, but do check out his comment for more enlightenment.
  5. Oh, and before I forget: “Dialect” is stretching it a bit. In a previous paragraph, Li had a fair bit to say about the meaning of ‘语言’ and related words like 次方言,土语,次土语, and the apparent “European” equivalents of ‘dialact’, ‘sub-dialect’, ‘patois’ and ‘sub-patois’, as well as words with similar meanings. He concluded that whether you’re referring to a speech variety of one small village or of ten provinces, or whether you’re referring to Cantonese or its local variants spoken in Hong Kong, Macao, Guangdong and Guangxi
  6. Update: Last sentence was amended thanks to some help from the Ji Village News.

I think that’s about it.

Now, where to start?

The idea of ‘Language’ meaning a national language and ‘Dialect’ meaning some local variation seems pretty sweet. I mean, Japanese is the language of Japan; French of France; German of Germany; Korean of Korea; English of England; and of course, all the local variants of those languages are dialects. Easy, right? But wait… Although it’s easy enough to explain that the Koreans or North and South Korea and China all belong to one nation in the ethnic sense of that word, and I’m sure you could construct an argument to show the same is largely true of the German-speaking peoples of Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and slices of neighbouring countries like Belgium, tell me, what nation is it that speaks French? Or English, Spanish or Portuguese? These languages are spoken as native or near-native languages by a huge variety of people from many different racial, ethnic, national and cultural backgrounds.

In fact, we need to ask: What, precisely, is a 民族? What is a nation? What is an ethnic group? I have yet to come across a satisfactory definition of any of these words.

And we’ve all heard more than enough discussions on the proper meaning of 汉语 and mutual intelligibility, or lack thereof, between the “dialects”, and comparisons with Spanish and Portuguese and other pairs of mutually intelligible “languages”, and the unintelligibility to all but native speakers of certain English dialects, and so on, and so forth.

Anyway, I found that paragraph interesting and thought I’d throw it out there for your viewing pleasure. But now, it’s getting late, and I have class early tomorrow morning. Good night.

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good news

This morning brings some good news: Beijing’s traffic restrictions will continue, albeit with modifications, for another year. I don’t see any need to translate the whole article, a summary should suffice. The restrictions will still be based on the final digit of vehicle licence plates, same as now, with vehicles being banned one day each week, and, just as now, will not apply on weekends and public holidays. The modifications are:

  1. The restricted period will be shortened two hours, from the current 6am to 9pm to 7am to 8pm.
  2. The Fifth Ring Road is not included in the restricted zone- which I take to mean (but I’m just assuming, so don’t quote me on this) that the Fifth Ring and anything outside it are a free for all, while everywhere within the Fifth Ring is restricted.
  3. 尾号停驶轮换周期也由上次一个月轮换一次改为每13周轮换一次。And this will be a pain in the arse to translate. Instead of rotating the restricted days each month, they’ll be rotate every 13 weeks (3 months, more or less). So under the current restrictions, 1s were banned on Mondays for the first month, then for the second month 1s were banned on another day (can’t remember how they rotated it). Does that make sense? No. Tough.

Those, so far as I can see, are the only changes. The current restrictions end April 10, the new restrictions apply from April 11, 2009 to April 10, 2010.

Also, it seems that the restrictions on official vehicles (公务用车) will continue unmodified. That is, official vehicles belonging to all central and municipal government and party organs, agencies, public organisations and institutions and SOEs will be banned 1 day each week for 24 hours from all roads within Beijing’s jurisdiction.

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